{"id":18894,"date":"2026-10-16T16:47:28","date_gmt":"2026-10-16T16:47:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/punkfish-academy.com\/oxygen-can-i-do-that\/"},"modified":"2026-10-16T19:04:01","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T19:04:01","slug":"oxygen-can-i-do-that","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/punkfish-academy.com\/en\/oxygen-can-i-do-that\/","title":{"rendered":"Oxygen \u2014 am I allowed to do that?"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.9″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”rgba(10,0,58,0.12)” background_image=”https:\/\/punkfish-academy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Sauerstoff-und-Recht.png” custom_padding=”78px||0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.9″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Finger Paint|700|||||||” header_font=”|700|||||||” header_font_size=”47px” header_letter_spacing=”2px” custom_padding=”3px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Administering oxygen \u2014 am I allowed to do that?<\/h1>\n

<\/span><\/h1>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||3px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.9″ _module_preset=”4183fb6d-c74e-4861-9493-5fb6a9ce011c” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Am I allowed to do that\u2014and can I do something wrong?<\/h2>\n

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We give oxygen when we think someone might need it\u2014even if we\u2019re not completely sure. Still, the same questions come up in every course: Am I even allowed to do that? Am I going to make things worse? Am I liable if \u2026? What if they sue us?<\/p>\n

The short answer: This is an emergency. You\u2019re providing first aid and doing what you can to help. And in Europe, the law is on your side almost everywhere.<\/p>\n

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Forget the card. Help.<\/span><\/h3>\n

Someone has symptoms after a dive, oxygen is available\u2014and now someone is asking for your O2 provider brevet?<\/span><\/p>\n

Don\u2019t let help fail because of that question. A missing or expired card is not a medical reason to withhold oxygen. If you can operate the system that\u2019s there, help and arrange further care.<\/span><\/p>\n

If you\u2019re unsure how to use it, get support: from someone on site, from the device instructions, or when you call emergency services. Get the kit, prepare to administer oxygen, and stay with the person. You don\u2019t have to wait doing nothing until someone shows up with the right proof.<\/span><\/p>\n

That\u2019s exactly why we practise using the oxygen kit: so in an emergency the steps are second nature and no one wastes time wondering whether their brevet is still valid.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.9″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.9″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Europe: Helping is mandatory\u2014and helpers are protected<\/h3>\n

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The laws differ in the details, but in almost all countries in continental Europe the same two principles apply:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Anyone who fails to help in an emergency commits an offence<\/strong>\u2014provided help is necessary and reasonable, i.e., possible without significant danger to themselves. At a minimum, helping means: calling the emergency services and getting help.<\/li>\n
  2. Anyone who helps in an emergency using an appropriate means is not acting unlawfully<\/strong>\u2014even if they do something that would otherwise not be permitted, and even if it later turns out it wasn\u2019t that serious (the \u201cnecessity defence\u201d).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.9″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.9″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Country<\/th>\nDuty to help<\/th>\nProtection for helpers<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Germany<\/td>\n\u00a7 323c StGB \u2014 Failure to render assistance<\/a><\/td>\n\u00a7 34 StGB \u2014 Necessity defence<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Austria<\/td>\n\u00a7 95 StGB \u2014 Failure to render assistance<\/a><\/td>\nNecessity defence (\u201cextra-statutory\u201d)<\/a>Recognized by case law<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Switzerland<\/td>\nArt. 128 StGB \u2014 Failure to render emergency assistance<\/a><\/td>\nArt. 17 StGB \u2014 Necessity defence<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    France<\/td>\nArt. 223-6 Code p\u00e9nal \u2014 non-assistance \u00e0 personne en danger<\/a>Failure to assist a person in danger<\/span><\/td>\nArt. 122-7 Code p\u00e9nal \u2014 \u00e9tat de n\u00e9cessit\u00e9<\/a>Necessity defence<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Spain<\/td>\nArt. 195 C\u00f3digo Penal \u2014 omisi\u00f3n del deber de socorro<\/a>Failure to render assistance<\/span><\/td>\nArt. 20.5 C\u00f3digo Penal \u2014 estado de necesidad<\/a>Necessity defence<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Italy<\/td>\nArt. 593 Codice penale \u2014 omissione di soccorso<\/a>Failure to render assistance<\/span><\/td>\nArt. 54 Codice penale \u2014 stato di necessit\u00e0<\/a>Necessity defence<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Netherlands<\/td>\nArt. 450 Wetboek van Strafrecht \u2014 nalaten hulpverlening bij levensgevaar<\/a>Failure to render assistance in immediate danger to life<\/span><\/td>\nArt. 40 Wetboek van Strafrecht \u2014 overmacht (noodtoestand)<\/a>Necessity as a ground of justification<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    Quick overview. The necessity rules mentioned apply only if their legal requirements are met; they do not provide blanket liability protection. In the Netherlands, criminal liability under Art. 450 in particular requires that the person in need dies.<\/p>\n

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    You don\u2019t have to be a perfect helper<\/span><\/h3>\n

    First aid happens under uncertainty. You don\u2019t yet know exactly what happened, you don\u2019t have a full diagnosis, and you still have to act.<\/span><\/p>\n

    For Germany, the German Social Accident Insurance (DGUV) explicitly clarifies: lack of knowledge and lack of first-aid practice generally cannot be held against helpers as gross negligence. So a mistake while helping does not automatically mean you\u2019re liable for it.<\/span><\/p>\n

    The legal details vary from country to country. There is no worldwide liability guarantee. But fear of not doing it perfectly should not stop you from providing necessary help.<\/span><\/p>\n

    For our course, that means: understand oxygen administration, get to know the kit, and help in an emergency. We\u2019ll sort out the brevet question before or after.<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    The exception in Europe: the UK and Ireland<\/h3>\n

    In English and Irish law there is no general duty<\/strong> to help strangers. But anyone who helps is protected there too: In England and Wales, courts must take into account that someone intervened in an emergency (Social Action, Responsibility and Heroism Act 2015); Ireland has its own law protecting helpers (\u201cGood Samaritans\u201d).<\/p>\n

    [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.9″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.9″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.9″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

    And outside Europe?<\/h3>\n

    [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.9″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

      \n
    • USA:<\/strong> In most states there is no general duty to help (exceptions include Vermont, Minnesota, and Rhode Island). However, all states have \u201cGood Samaritan\u201d laws: Anyone who helps in good faith is not liable\u2014except in cases of gross negligence.<\/li>\n
    • Canada:<\/strong> Quebec\u2019s Charter of Human Rights obliges everyone to help a person in mortal danger; the other provinces protect helpers with Good Samaritan laws.<\/li>\n
    • Australia<\/strong> tends to follow the English model with Good Samaritan laws; many countries in Latin America<\/strong> tend to follow the Spanish model, where failure to render assistance is a criminal offence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      So the pattern is the same everywhere: There are countries where you must<\/strong> help, and countries where you may<\/strong> help and are protected when you do. There are practically no countries where well-intentioned first aid with appropriate means is punished.<\/p>\n

      [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.9″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.9″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.9″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

      As a dive pro: even more responsibility<\/h3>\n

      [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.9″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

      Everything above applies to anyone who just happens to be there. If you\u2019re out with guests or students as a guide, divemaster, or instructor, you have more<\/strong> responsibility\u2014and in virtually all legal systems, including the UK and the USA: You have a duty of care toward the people you\u2019re responsible for. If you don\u2019t help, you may be liable not only for failing to help, but for the consequences themselves. So for professionals, all the more so: carry oxygen and use it.<\/p>\n

      Brief overview, not legal advice. As of: October 2026.<\/em><\/p>\n

      [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ module_id=”computer” _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.9″ _module_preset=”4183fb6d-c74e-4861-9493-5fb6a9ce011c” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

      Can you do something wrong?<\/h2>\n

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      In theory: Is there anything we could be so wrong about that oxygen becomes dangerous? Three questions come up again and again.<\/p>\n

      [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.9″ _module_preset=”4183fb6d-c74e-4861-9493-5fb6a9ce011c” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

      Medical or industrial oxygen?<\/h3>\n

      [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.9″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”174.8px” custom_padding=”1px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Purity:<\/strong> both 99.5%.<\/li>\n
      • Difference:<\/strong> expiry date and paperwork. Medical oxygen is considered a medication, needs an expiry date, and must be replaced regularly. But nothing happens to the oxygen itself in the cylinder.<\/li>\n
      • In practice it doesn\u2019t matter\u2014and for first aid it doesn\u2019t matter legally either\u2014use what you have!<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Why 99.5%? A large storage cylinder is emptied before filling\u2014but \u201cempty\u201d means 1 bar, not a vacuum. If it\u2019s then filled to 200 bar, half a percent remains where you can\u2019t be 100% sure what it is. Probably oxygen, maybe a bit of air. No problem. And if you filled your Deco stage with welding oxygen, you can of course give it to someone with a diving accident. After decanting, nobody can tell which oxygen it was anyway\u2014it\u2019s just oxygen.<\/p>\n

        [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.9″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.9″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

        When does it become too much? Oxygen toxicity<\/h3>\n

        Oxygen can become toxic\u2014that\u2019s true. There are two types:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • CNS toxicity<\/strong> (seizures): It matters underwater or during hyperbaric treatment, i.e., at increased pressure. On land we breathe at 1 bar\u2014so the pressure is simply not high enough.<\/li>\n
        • Pulmonary toxicity<\/strong> (lung function declines): It can become relevant even at 1 bar, but only after very prolonged breathing\u2014after many hours.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          What we do in first aid\u2014twenty minutes, half an hour, an hour of oxygen until handover to EMS\u2014is nowhere near that. Most of the time we don\u2019t even have that much oxygen with us. If someone needs oxygen for longer, they belong in a hospital or a hyperbaric chamber anyway, and you coordinate that with a dive physician, for example via the hotline.<\/p>\n

          [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.9″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.9″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

          The one exception: panic and hyperventilation<\/h3>\n

          There is exactly one situation in diving where oxygen doesn\u2019t help: a panic attack with hyperventilation. Panic attacks are relatively common and can be triggered by critical situations while diving\u2014for example, if someone thinks they ascended too fast.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Anyone who is hyperventilating breathes off too much CO\u2082. That sends false signals to the brain and causes symptoms that are easy to confuse with a diving accident: tingling in the hands, shortness of breath, dizziness.<\/li>\n
          • There\u2019s enough oxygen. What the body needs right now is CO\u2082\u2014so calmer, slower breathing.<\/li>\n
          • Help the person calm down: talk to them calmly, stay with them, and breathe slowly together with them.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Panic can cause symptoms\u2014but it can also be the reaction to a real diving accident. Both can happen at the same time. So \u201cthey\u2019re just scared\u201d is not an all-clear.<\/p>\n

            If a diving accident is a possible cause, don\u2019t delay giving oxygen just because you don\u2019t have a definite diagnosis yet. Stay with the person and get medical support.<\/p>\n

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            Administering oxygen \u2014 am I allowed to do that? Am I allowed to do that\u2014and can I do something wrong?We give oxygen when we think someone might need it\u2014even if we\u2019re not completely sure. Still, the same questions come up in every course: Am I even allowed to do that? Am I going to make […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-18894","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","pmpro-has-access"],"yoast_head":"\nOxygen \u2014 am I allowed to do that? - PUNKFISH ACADEMY<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/punkfish-academy.com\/en\/oxygen-can-i-do-that\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Oxygen \u2014 am I allowed to do that? - PUNKFISH ACADEMY\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Administering oxygen \u2014 am I allowed to do that? 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Am I allowed to do that\u2014and can I do something wrong?We give oxygen when we think someone might need it\u2014even if we\u2019re not completely sure. Still, the same questions come up in every course: Am I even allowed to do that? 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