Diving and volcanoes – Final Exam Welcome to your Diving and Volcanoes: Final Exam Name Email Small tephra particles from 2-64 mm are called: Lava Bombs Restingolitas Lapilli Ash Where was the most recent volcanic eruption on Canary Islands? Tenerife La Palma El Hierro Lanzarote Identify this volcano Fire Volcano Stratovolcano Ash Cone Shield Volcano How can you describe a phreatomagmatic explosion? All volcanic eruptions are phreatomagmatic explosions Whenever lava hits the water, the ocean explodes in a phreatomagmatic explosion A phreatomagmatic explosion happens when the magma hits oil When magma and water mix, the rapid transfer of heat from the molten rock to the water can lead to fracturing, pressure rise, and explosion When lava flows into the ocean…. ... water evaporates and acidic clouds can form ... the sea level rises 2-3 meters ... Mammals come close to get warm in the spa-like conditions ... it always forms a pyroclastic flow Where can you find Black and White Smokers? Only in the Baltic Sea In the deep sea along the middle oceanic ridges In the smoking area of your local airport Mainly in inland quarries Where did an underwater volcanic eruption close to the shore happen in 2011? El Hierro La Palma Bali Java How are volcanoes called that emerge far away from the plate boundaries? Stray Volcanoes Geysers High tide Volcanoes Hot Spot Volcanoes What can you expect a year after the eruption? Water temperature is still many degrees warmer than normal The water is still toxic Marine life has fully recovered and is even more abundant There are dolphins everywhere How are the hot thermal fountains that regularly erupt in Iceland called? Geysers Volcano Fountain Hot Spots Spa What shall I do if a volcano is giving signs of an imminent eruption while I am in the region? Run as fast as you can Take a camera and get as close as possible Listen to what the local disaster prevention and protection departments say Go online and post about your experiences How is the very hot, liquid lava called that often builds soft forms? Hawaii-Lava Aa-Lava Java-Lava Pahoehoe-Lava How many active volcanoes are known on Earth? 1900 20000 150 37 How many people did approximately get killed by volcanic eruptions since 1700? 25.000 300.000 12 1.500.000 How many volcanic eruptions happen every year worldwide? 250 50 5 10 When lava solidifies at the outside but on the inside keeps flowing… Once the flow stops, lava tunnels are left It definitely reaches the ocean It forms basalt columns It is called Pillow Lava How do basalt columns form? Lava flows into houses Lava solidifying very slowly Lava evaporates and restructures Lava solidifying swiftly and in abrupt fashion Lava bombs or blocks…. All answers are correct ... can get expelled and travel large distances in the explosive moments of an eruption ... can be as big as houses ... are tephra parts bigger than 64mm A barren, hard to access lava landscape is called Canyon Malpais Funnel Geyser The VEI (Volcanic Explosivity Index) measures… ... the amount of sulfur expelled ... the amount of tephra expelled, and the height of the eruption column ... the loudness of an eruption .... the length of the lava flow